5 When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, the mind of Pharaoh and his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, “What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” 6 So he made ready his chariot and took his army with him, 7 and took six hundred chosen chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them.
8 And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the people of Israel while the people of Israel were going out defiantly. 9 The Egyptians pursued them, all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots and his horsemen and his army, and overtook them encamped at the sea, by Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.
10 When Pharaoh drew near, the people of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, the Egyptians were marching after them, and they feared greatly. And the people of Israel cried out to the Lord. 11 They said to Moses, “Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us in bringing us out of Egypt?
12 Is not this what we said to you in Egypt: ‘Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.” 13 And Moses said to the people, “Fear not, stand firm, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will work for you today. For the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall never see again. 14 The Lord will fight for you, and you have only to be silent.”
15 The Lord said to Moses, “Why do you cry to me? Tell the people of Israel to go forward. 16 Lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, that the people of Israel may go through the sea on dry ground.
17 And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they shall go in after them, and I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, his chariots, and his horsemen. 18 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I have gotten glory over Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.”
19 Then the angel of God who was going before the host of Israel moved and went behind them, and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them, 20 coming between the host of Egypt and the host of Israel. And there was the cloud and the darkness. And it lit up the night without one coming near the other all night.
21 Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea back by a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. 22 And the people of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left. 23 The Egyptians pursued and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. 24 And in the morning watch the Lord in the pillar of fire and of cloud looked down on the Egyptian forces and threw the Egyptian forces into a panic, 25 clogging their chariot wheels so that they drove heavily.
And the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from before Israel, for the Lord fights for them against the Egyptians.”
26 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the water may come back upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen.” 27 So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its normal course when the morning appeared. And as the Egyptians fled into it, the Lord threw the Egyptians into the midst of the sea. 28 The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh that had followed them into the sea, not one of them remained.
29 But the people of Israel walked on dry ground through the sea, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
30 Thus the Lord saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31 Israel saw the great power that the Lord used against the Egyptians, so the people feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in his servant Moses.
Prayer
Our gracious and heavenly Father,
We again come to you in a Spirit of praise and rejoicing. Lord, we continue to pray for our nation and all of the division that we face. Let us continue to honor you with our lives, our thoughts, our deeds. Let us live as living sacrifices to you O Lord.
We pray that you would bless our time in your word.
In Jesus’ name, amen.
Introduction
I decided to switch things up this morning. I like to do that every once in a while. We’re going through the Gospel of John. It’s a long book. And we’re going verse by verse and so it takes time to do. Last week was actually our 25thsermon in John and we’re about a quarter of the way through that gospel so it’s going to take a while.
Now the last couple of weeks, I’ve made several references to the Exodus. I thought it would be edifying this week to look at the Exodus event itself. I would argue that it’s right there with creation, fall, the covenant with Abraham as being the most significant events in the Old Testament.
For the rest of the Old Testament, it’s constantly referring back to the Exodus and the work of redemption which God had done for the Israelites.
So we’re going to make three points this morning. As we begin to study the exodus, our first scene we’ll be studying this morning is when the beginning of the exodus, when God delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, and miraculously led them across the water Red Sea.
So what we’re going to do with our time this morning is to show how God freed the Israelites from slavery. How he led them across the water. And then we’re going to look at how this event is a picture of the gospel. And the main idea I want to make this morning: God delivers his people from slavery to freedom.
First part. God frees the Israelites from slavery. As I mentioned, they were enslaved by the Egyptians. As I begin this morning, I have a question. Why were they in Egypt? Biblically. Do you know why? They were there because in Genesis 15, God said that his people would be in a foreign land.
In Genesis 12, God first made the covenant promise to Abraham. Blessings, offspring, and land.
Then in Genesis 15, God restates the covenant and the promise and elaborates on the covenant, and there’s more of an emphasis placed on land. And in that context, God also says to Abraham:
Genesis 15:13: “Know for certain that your offspring will be sojourners in a land that is not theirs and will be servants there, and they will be afflicted for four hundred years.”
God put them in Egypt. The book of Genesis ends with the story of Joseph. A beloved classic story in the Bible. Joseph is betrayed by his own brothers and enslaved in Egypt. But with a God given ability to prophesy dreams, he’s able to foretell a time of abundance and a time of famine. Joseph’s dreams actually save Egypt, because they’re able to prepare for the famine. Joseph’s brothers were struggling in the famine, and in spite of what they had done, Joseph was in a position to save them too. And he is reunited with the brothers who had betrayed him.
We often like to look at this story as pointing to the way how God works evil for good. It is that. But it’s also more than that. It’s what brings Israel into Egypt. The book of Exodus begins. And the Egyptian Pharaohs had become paranoid about the growth of Israel and so they had enslaved the people.
In Exodus 2, God acts on the promise the he had made to Abraham (Exodus 2:24-25). We see the birth of Moses, who is called upon by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
But there’s a problem…
Pharaoh won’t let the Israelites leave. And so the Lord brings a series of plagues on the Egyptians for not allowing the Israelites to leave. Basically, they lived through 2020.
The first plague is turning the Nile River red, hitting them in the very lifeblood of their economy.
Now Egypt, like other societies of that time, believed in many gods. They had gods for many different important areas of life. And so part of what these plagues are doing is showing the powerlessness of the Egyptians gods before the Lord God. They’re powerless because they don’t exist!
The second plague is a plague of frogs. The Egyptians actually had a fertility goddess who looked like a frog. There was a plague on cattle and livestock. The Egyptians had a deity who was a cow and was believed to be an intermediary between people and the Egyptian pantheon. There was a plague where boils broke out on people’s skin. The Egyptians believed in gods of medicine and health. Isis, who was one of the major Egyptian goddesses was believed to be a healer. Hail reigned from the sky and killed the crops. Egypt had deities for the skies and for the crops. Plague of darkness, Egypt worshipped a sun god.
Throughout all of these plagues, it’s just wrecking life for the Egyptians. The Lord ultimately restores order after a plague, again showing his dominion and power. But throughout these plagues, throughout the various warnings, Pharaoh continues to oppose God. He doesn’t free the Israelites.
So again, these plagues are a battle between the fake Egyptian gods and the Lord God. They’re also a battle between the Pharaoh, who is the anti-god, and the Lord. Pharaoh is the leader of Egypt and throughout the plagues, he continues putting himself in direct opposition of the Lord.
It’s interesting in our society. Because so many want to act like it doesn’t matter what you believe about God. Some people say things like “all roads lead to God.” Some people say things like “all religions basically just teach that God is loving and we should just love others.”
Love is good.
Not all religions teach that however. Love was not the central aspect of Egyptian religion. Many pagan religions do not believe in loving gods. Religions like Buddhism don’t necessarily require a person to believe in god. To value a loving God, is to want the Lord God. He is true. He is real. He is mighty. He is good. And to want to pursue anything else is falsity.
To want to bow down to any other god is worthless, because any other god will do just as much for you as Egypt’s gods. Which is nothing. The Bible says that God is a jealous God. He wants people to believe in him. The plagues with the Lord showing his dominion over nature and over the non-existent gods of Egypt does not show an “all roads lead to God” or “just pursue your own truth” type of worldview.
This is the Lord. Follow and serve and trust in him, and him alone. After all of those plagues, God explains the ultimate and final plague that he will bring upon the Egyptians.
Exodus 11:4-6: So Moses said, “Thus says the Lord: ‘About midnight I will go out in the midst of Egypt,5 and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle.6 There shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has never been, nor ever will be again.
God is going to strike dead the firstborn of all of the Egyptians.
This happens in Exodus 12. The Israelites are spared in an event called the Passover, when they were literally passed over. A mighty work of God. Even life and death are under the dominion of the Lord.
We talked about this a little bit a couple weeks ago, but for Passover, the Lord gave the Israelites instructions for how to celebrate and commemorate the work that God had done in redeeming the people from slavery. I mentioned that part of that Passover was a feast in commemoration for what the Lord had done. And it was something that the Israelites would go on to observe every year.
So after everything has happened, all the plagues, the firstborn struck down, in Exodus 12:29, Pharaoh calls Moses and his brother Aaron and tells them to leave Egypt. And so the Israelites quickly make their preparations to leave Egypt. With the exodus, we’ll pick things back up in chapter 14.
And this is our second point this morning, the event where Israel crosses the Red sea. The Israelites are on their journey, they’re still in Egypt. After all that has happened to Pharaoh, he decides to pursue the Israelites.
Beginning in verse 5: When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, the mind of Pharaoh and his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, “What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” 6 So he made ready his chariot and took his army with him, 7 and took six hundred chosen chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them.
After all that has happened to Pharaoh, he decides to pursue the Israelites. We see supreme pride and arrogance on display. God has continually shown his supremacy and Pharaoh won’t accept it. Now Egypt had a well-equipped and well-trained army. They have chariots which was the great military technology of that day.
The Israelites are unarmed. 9 The Egyptians pursued them, all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots and his horsemen and his army, and overtook them encamped at the sea, by Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.
I think the movie the Ten Commandments actually does a good job of capturing the drama. The Egyptians are in pursuit of the Israelites. With all that God had done for the Israelites, how do they respond? Do they respond in confidence and faith and trust in the Lord?
10 When Pharaoh drew near, the people of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, the Egyptians were marching after them, and they feared greatly. And the people of Israel cried out to the Lord. 11 They said to Moses, “Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us in bringing us out of Egypt?
The Israelites see the Egyptians coming for them and they’re scared. They ask if he’s brought them out into the desert to die. It’s the first time in their wilderness journeys that they’ll complain about the Lord’s goodness towards them. But it won’t be the last.
They lose confidence in what God can do. Again, it can be easy to be critical of that. But it’s tempting to lose sight of God when an army is coming towards you. It’s tempting to lose sight of God when a situation seems hopeless.
It’s easy to lose sight of the big picture of what God is doing, easy to forget what God has done and how he has blessed you. But how do we do it?
Moses gives them a powerful word. We quoted this verse last week.
13 And Moses said to the people, “Fear not, stand firm, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will work for you today.
What a great word that is from Moses. Fear not. The most commonly given command in the Bible. God had promised where he was bringing the Israelites.
Exodus 3:17, he says to Moses: and I promise that I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, a land flowing with milk and honey
That’s the land to which God had promised Abraham. He promises again in Exodus 6:6 and 6:8. And after all the plagues, all the wonders that God had done, the Passover where the firstborn of the Egyptians all died and God spared the Israelites.
After all of that, at the beginning of Exodus 13:3-5, the Israelites were told: Then Moses said to the people, “Remember this day in which you came out from Egypt, out of the house of slavery, for by a strong hand the Lord brought you out from this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten. 4 Today, in the month of Abib, you are going out. 5 And when the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, you shall keep this service in this month
But notice that he again references the Lord’s deliverance, the Lord’s promise of the land.
God delivers his people from slavery to freedom. God’s promises are trustworthy! And yet the Israelites fall into fear. The Israelites were in a dire circumstance in the eyes of the world. I think all of us would be tempted to fear too.
But they had the promise of the Lord. I think fear, stress, worry, and anxiety are extremely common for us in our society. But so many of the fears we have are not necessarily even about life and death situations. They’re not usually fears where we are in imminent danger.
We so often live in our minds, and dwell on situations and fears. I can be terrible at this, by the way. So I don’t want to sound condemning. I am an over thinker. I play too much of the “worse case scenario game.” I don’t just play that game, I could be the world champion.
The problem is when we do that, and I know some of you know what I’m talking about, we can really go to some irrational places with our fears.
To some extremes that are never going to happen.
I’m not saying we need to be in denial if we’re fearful. I talked about lament a few weeks ago and how we can’t bury emotions. Keep an open and honest dialogue with God. But in the face of fear, let us also respond in gratitude to God for his goodness.
And again, it can be tempting in the face of fear to make up a story for how things could go that is terrible, everything goes wrong, it’s all bad. That type of worry is not productive. It robs us of joy. It wastes time. It distracts us from the promises of God.
God is a good and loving God who has a good plan for his people in the world. And he had a good plan for Israel. Let us respond with gratitude, faith, and trust in the Lord in the times where we’re fearful. The Israelites made a mistake when they jumped to the worst case and lost sight of what God had promised them.
Secondly, Moses says: stand firm.
We see phrases translated “stand firm” several places in the Bible, especially in Paul’s letters. In this instance, what it seems to be saying is to stand still. Stand and watch. Look and see. Especially as Moses continues this thought.
Fear not, stand firm, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will work for you today. For the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall never see again. 14 The Lord will fight for you, and you have only to be silent.” (Exodus 14:13-14)
He was with them. They’d didn’t have to perfectly understand everything. They didn’t have to have control over everything. Again, I think these are temptations that we all face. Let us look at what the Lord is doing. At what he has done in our lives and in his church.
Verse 15: The Lord said to Moses, “Why do you cry to me? Tell the people of Israel to go forward.
Go forward? There are only two directions to go. Towards the army or towards the water. It’s a miracle that the people could never have possibly imagined. How could they? God does something that has never happened before or sense. But that’s what God does.
Verses 16-18 preview what God is specifically going to do. Lift up your staff, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, that the people of Israel may go through the sea on dry ground. 17 And I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they shall go in after them, and I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, his chariots, and his horsemen. 18 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I have gotten glory over Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.”
God is leading his people. And the Egyptians are going to follow but it won’t go well for them. God delivers his people from slavery to freedom.
Verse 19: Then the angel of God who was going before the host of Israel moved and went behind them, and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them, 20 coming between the host of Egypt and the host of Israel. And there was the cloud and the darkness. And it lit up the night without one coming near the other all night.
God had been leading the Israelites by a pillar of fire. He had been directing them but he had also been protecting Israel. And it says that the pillar moved before Israel. But verse 20 also says that it came between the Israelites and the Egyptians.
Some think that the crowd created some sort of darkness or fog around the Egyptians which temporarily prevented them from following the Israelites.
21 Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea back by a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided
The waters part. I think this is the mental image we probably most prominently have with the sea parting. It’s like in the Ten Commandments with Charlton Heston.
It’s not Moses who does this ultimately. It is God, literally parting the water for his people to cross.
22 And the people of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
What must that have been like for the Israelites? All of the miracles that God had done. Being brought into the desert. And now they’re walking on dry ground with the parted waters of the sea on either side of them. Imagine that for a moment.
They had been given an incredible promise. And here it happens. God delivers his people from slavery to freedom. The Israelites make it across safely but then the Egyptians start pursuing them. They’re no longer being supernaturally prohibited.
23 The Egyptians pursued and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. 24 And in the morning watch the Lord in the pillar of fire and of cloud looked down on the Egyptian forces and threw the Egyptian forces into a panic, 25 clogging their chariot wheels so that they drove heavily. And the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from before Israel, for the Lord fights for them against the Egyptians.”
It’s ironic. The wheels the Egyptians chariots were getting clogged. The chariot was their greatest symbol of military strength, but here it’s a weakness.
The soldiers of Pharaoh want to turn back. They say that God is against them.
26 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the water may come back upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen.
God had parted the waters. And now the sea is going to be closed back up.
27 So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its normal course when the morning appeared. And as the Egyptians fled into it, the Lord threw the Egyptians into the midst of the sea. 28 The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh that had followed them into the sea, not one of them remained.
In verse 30, the story ends.
30 Thus the Lord saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31 Israel saw the great power that the Lord used against the Egyptians, so the people feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in his servant Moses.
The Lord delivers his people from slavery to freedom.
The Egyptian army is defeated without Israel having to fight a war. Israel is now totally and finally and forever free of Egypt.
That brings us to our third point for this morning.
We see the gospel in this story.
For the Israelites, God is using this miracle as an instrument of his grace.
The Egyptians have been evil. They have not submitted to God. They have persecuted and oppressed the people of God, the Israelites.
And so the miraculous event God used for the redemption of Israel, he used for the downfall of Pharaoh and the judgment of Egypt.
Every person is going to ultimately bring glory to God. Either you will bring him glory through being an example of the grace of the gospel. Or you will bring him glory as the righteous judge.
And that is the beginning of Israel’s exodus. God acting in mighty ways to redeem his people and fulfilling his promises.
There are a number of parallels between the exodus and the gospel.
The Israelites were in slavery in Egypt. We were enslaved to sin and Christ redeemed us.
The Israelites complain and rebel here. That’ll be a continual theme. We continue to struggle and rebel. But for the person who has faith, Jesus continues to be faithful.
God redeemed Israel to bring them to the Promised Land. And God is bringing us into a land too. To a new heaven and a new earth.
Both the exodus and the new covenant of the gospel are commemorated with meals. The Passover meal was celebrated annually, as a reminder for God’s deliverance in the exodus event and for him sparing the Israelites. With the gospel, we celebrate the Lord’ Supper, communion which is a reminder of Jesus body that was broken for our sin and his blood that was shed for our sin.
Exodus was in fulfillment of the promises of God to Abraham for land and to Moses for deliverance from slavery. The gospel is fulfillment of God’s promise of providing a Messiah, a king from the Davidic line, a perfect and spotless lamb to be sacrificed, of giving his Spirit to those who have faith.
In both stories, we see victory in a place where it appeared to be defeat. Israel was caught between an army and the sea. It seemed there was no way out. In the gospel, Jesus died on the cross, where it looked like that was the end of Jesus’ ministry, where it appeared that he had been defeated.
And piggy backing off of that idea, both the exodus
It was entirely the work of God in freeing his people from slavery in Egypt. And the gospel is entirely the work of the Lord in redeeming us from the penalty of sin.
The exodus and the gospel are both stories of intervening in a situation where there was no hope. Egypt between the army and the sea. And we were dead in sin, and hopeless apart from Christ.
Both events are undeniable, indisputable, irrefutable, unimpeachable proof of God’s love. God loved Israel. And God loves you. God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have enteral life (John 3:16). God shows his love that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us (Romans 5:8).
Soi Deo Gloria! Thanks for reading. Don’t forget to like and subscribe
Josh Benner 